1.
How
do we wash the picture?
2.
What
is so interesting about photography?
3.
How
do you learn photography?
4.
Who
invented photography?
5.
How
much can you earn through photography?
6.
How
can we edit a photo?
7.
Who
invented the camera?
8.
Why
can a camera see what we cannot see?
9.
Who
invented Photoshop?
10. How
does the memory inside the camera work?
11. What
is the difference between x-ray and a camera?
12. How many types of cameras are there?
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteAutofocus camera
DeleteBox camera
Bridge camera
Camcorder
Camera phone
Closed-circuit television camera
Compact camera
Digital camera
Disposable camera
Field camera
Folding camera
Hidden camera
Instant camera
IP camera
Live-preview digital camera
Medium format camera
Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
Monorail camera
Movie camera
Pinhole camera
Plate camera
Pocket camera
Press camera
Professional video camera
Rangefinder camera
Remote camera
Schmidt camera
Single-lens reflex camera
Stereo camera
Still camera
Subminiature camera
Toy camera
Traffic camera
Twin-lens reflex camera
Video camera
View camera
Webcam
Wright camera
Adapted from http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_camera_types
Ann
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Delete4.Nicéphore Niépce invented photography
Delete1. no answer 2. Any job which involves being able to use your creativity to produce something is going to be interesting. 3.on websides 4. Nicéphore Niépce 5. alot as it is memories 6.photoshop 7. Steven Sasson 8. Low Light Levels
ReplyDeleteAt low light levels our eyes are less sensitive to colour than normal. Camera sensors, on the other hand, always have the same sensitivity. That’s why photographs taken in low light appear to have more colour than what we remember. 9. John Knoll 10. Ordinary computer chips "forget" everything (lose their entire contents) when the power is switched off. Large personal computers get around this by having powerful magnetic memories called hard drives, which can remember things whether the power is on or off. But smaller, more portable devices, such as digital cameras and MP3 players, need smaller and more portable memories. They use special chips called flash memories to store information permanently. 11. In photography, the image on the film is produced due to the reflection of light. When you want to take a picture, you use a camera, which has a shutter that opens and closes allowing light to enter and strike the film. The amount of light that interacts with the film determines how the image appears on the film .
In radiography, the process to produce an image is quite different. The camera is actually a radiation source and it operates quite differently than a photographic camera. The film is not placed inside the camera but instead is placed on the opposite side of the object being imaged. The radiation is not reflected to the film, but rather passes through the object and then strikes the film. The image on the film is dependent upon how much of the radiation makes it through the object and to the film. Some materials like bone and metal stop more of the radiation from passing through than do materials like flesh and plastic. The amount of material that the X-rays must travel through also affects how many X-rays reach the film. Differences in the type of material and the amount of material that the X-rays must penetrate are responsible for the details in the image. 12. Autofocus camera
Box camera
Bridge camera
Camcorder
Camera phone
Closed-circuit television camera
Compact camera
Digital camera
Disposable camera
Field camera
Folding camera
Hidden camera
Instant camera
IP camera
Live-preview digital camera
Medium format camera
Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
Monorail camera
Movie camera
Pinhole camera
Plate camera
Pocket camera
Press camera
Professional video camera
Rangefinder camera
Remote camera
Schmidt camera
Single-lens reflex camera
Stereo camera
Still camera
Subminiature camera
Toy camera
Traffic camera
Twin-lens reflex camera
Video camera
View camera
Webcam
Wright camera ~sean
This comment has been removed by the author.
DeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete1.Lay the towel flat and place your picture on top.
ReplyDelete2.Use the editing gloves while you handle the picture.
3.Use the soft brush to gently brush the dirt off of the picture. Start in the center and work your way to the outer edges. You can also use canned air (the kind used to clean computer keyboards) to blow the dirt off of the picture.
4.If there is residue built up or old adhesives, you will need to continue with great care to remove it without damaging the picture.
5.Use the Pec-Pads to apply the Pec-12 cleaner to the picture following the manufacturer’s instructions.
6.When you have cleaned the photographs to your satisfaction, store them in appropriate displays for protection in a dry environment.
Question 1's answer. Adapted from http://www.howtocleanstuff.net/how-to-clean-old-photographs/
Question 9. Thomas and John Knoll invented Photoshop. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop
ReplyDeletePart 1:Do you ever see a beautiful scene, take out your camera, take the shot and then wonder what went wrong? Why doesn’t the display on the LCD screen look at all like the scene in front of you?
ReplyDeleteDo you ever stand next to another photographer and wonder how they made an image that is better than the scene you see with your own eyes?
Understanding how the camera “sees” is the key to figuring out why this happens and what you need to do to take charge of your camera and make the images you envision.
If you’re already dreading the mathematical calculations, don’t worry! I’m not going to start measuring my eyeballs and pupils and trying to figure out what kind of lens my eyes are equivalent to in focal length, f/stops, and ISO, or how many megapixels my eyes see. That’s not what this is about.
It’s just about understanding how a camera works differently than our eyes.
Part 2:Sometimes the best images show the very thing that we cannot see with our own eyes.
DeleteLow Light Levels
At low light levels our eyes are less sensitive to colour than normal. Camera sensors, on the other hand, always have the same sensitivity. That’s why photographs taken in low light appear to have more colour than what we remember.
The Legislature in Victoria, British Columbia
When I made this image of the Legislature in Victoria, British Columbia, the sky was much darker and less blue to my eye.
Long Exposures
The longer the shutter remains open the more light can enter the camera and hit the sensor. Therefore long exposures can bring out objects that are faint in the sky whereas our eyes will perceive no extra detail by looking at something longer.
Starry Night at Joshua Tree National Park, California
The 30 second exposure in this image, made at Joshua Tree National Park in California, picked up more stars than I could see with the naked eye.
Long exposures also allow us to see the passing of time in a way we cannot with our eyes.
Star Trails in Guadalupe National Park, Texas
In Guadalupe National Park, Texas, I was able to capture the movement of the stars around Polaris, the north star, by leaving the shutter open for 30 minutes.
Fallingwater Cascades along the Blue Ridge Parkway, Virginia.
At Fallingwater Cascades along the Blue Ridge Parkway in Virginia, the movement of the water caused the maple leaves to swirl around in a circle. By using a 15 second exposure I was able to capture the movement of the leaves.
Short Exposures
On the other end of the scale, high speed photography can freeze motion and allow us to see something that would otherwise pass by too fast for our eyes to retain any detail.
Egret at Ding Darling Wildlife Refuge, Florida.
By using a shutter speed of 1/5000 second, I was able to freeze the water droplets as they swirled around the egret’s beak as he caught a fish.
Part 3:Depth of Field
DeleteOne thing that is somewhat similar between a camera and a human eye is aperture, but only if you hold it steady. For example, if you stare at one word in the middle of the this sentence and do not move your eyes, you can perceive that the other words are there but they are not clear. The part that is in focus is only the centre portion of your field of view.
That is the same as a camera with a small aperture. The difference is that you can’t actually look at the out-of-focus part. As soon as your eye moves to the out-of-focus words they instantly become in-focus.
Whereas if you are looking at a print or an image on your screen you can look at the out-of-focus part which is something we cannot do with our eyes. That’s why shallow depth of field images are so interesting to us.
Dandelion Seed
Colour
Most of us see in colour. Others see limited colours. But either way we are stuck with what we have. Maybe that’s why some people like or dislike black and white photography. For a long time colour was considered a limitation in photography and the human eye was obviously better. But now photographs give us the option of viewing things in a different way.
Rocks on the beach at Rebecca Spit, Quadra Island, British Columbia.
Rocks on the beach at Rebecca Spit, Quadra Island, British Columbia.
When the human eye (or brain) is better
Dynamic Range
One thing to keep in mind is that when we see something with our eyes, our brain is involved too. Think of optical illusions where you perceive something that isn’t actually there.
As we look around a scene our eyes quickly adjust to changing light. Take a scene with dark shadows and bright highlights for example. As your eye moves from one area to another it quickly adjusts so our eyes take in the right amount of light and we see detail in all parts of the scene. When we look at a scene it is like our brain takes numerous snapshots and what we perceive is the combination of those snapshots.
Your camera cannot do that. It simply records the light that hits the sensor at one aperture setting. It can only have one exposure for the whole scene.
That is where exposure blending, or high-dynamic-range (HDR) photography, can sometimes make a scene look more like what we perceived at the time.
On the other hand, depending on how you blend your images, HDR photographs can show us a lot more detail than what our eyes saw and then they don’t look realistic. Not that there’s anything wrong with that! It depends on whether you want your images to be realistic or not.
Grapevine Hills HDR Brackets
The image above represents the same scene taken at three different exposures. One exposure is for the shadows, another for the mid-tones and the other for the highlights.
Grapevine Hills, Big Bend National Park, Texas.
Grapevine Hills, Big Bend National Park, Texas.
I can blend those images together in photoshop and end up with an image like this. Our brain does that all by itself!! This more closely represents the image I remember in my mind.
Part 4Conclusion
ReplyDeleteThe kinds of images that are considered good differ from person to person. It’s subjective.
Some people like images that are just like what their eyes saw or are capable of seeing — the realistic images.
Other people prefer images that show them what they cannot see such as black and white, long exposures, or HDR with tons of detail.
Either way, understanding why the camera “sees” things differently than you will put you well on your way to creating the kind of images you want to make.
Adapted from:http://digital-photography-school.com/why-does-your-camera-see-things-differently-than-you/
Zxan Ho
Answer for Q9 by Alson
For Q11,This is how an X-ray works
ReplyDeleteThe heart of an X-ray machine is an electrode pair -- a cathode and an anode -- that sits inside a glass vacuum tube. The cathode is a heated filament, like you might find in an older fluorescent lamp. The machine passes current through the filament, heating it up. The heat sputters electrons off of the filament surface. The positively-charged anode, a flat disc made of tungsten, draws the electrons across the tube.
The voltage difference between the cathode and anode is extremely high, so the electrons fly through the tube with a great deal of force. When a speeding electron collides with a tungsten atom, it knocks loose an electron in one of the atom's lower orbitals. An electron in a higher orbital immediately falls to the lower energy level, releasing its extra energy in the form of a photon. It's a big drop, so the photon has a high energy level -- it is an X-ray photon.
The free electron collides with the tungsten atom, knocking an electron out of a lower orbital. A higher orbital electron fills the empty position, releasing its excess energy as a photon.
Free electrons can also generate photons without hitting an atom. An atom's nucleus may attract a speeding electron just enough to alter its course. Like a comet whipping around the sun, the electron slows down and changes direction as it speeds past the atom. This "braking" action causes the electron to emit excess energy in the form of an X-ray photon.
The free electron is attracted to the tungsten atom nucleus. As the electron speeds past, the nucleus alters its course. The electron loses energy, which it releases as an X-ray photon.
Contrast Media
In a normal X-ray picture, most soft tissue doesn't show up clearly. To focus in on organs, or to examine the blood vessels that make up the circulatory system, doctors must introduce contrast media into the body.
Contrast media are liquids that absorb X-rays more effectively than the surrounding tissue. To bring organs in the digestive and endocrine systems into focus, a patient will swallow a contrast media mixture, typically a barium compound. If the doctors want to examine blood vessels or other elements in the circulatory system, they will inject contrast media into the patient's bloodstream.
Contrast media are often used in conjunction with a fluoroscope. In fluoroscopy, the X-rays pass through the body onto a fluorescent screen, creating a moving X-ray image. Doctors may use fluoroscopy to trace the passage of contrast media through the body. Doctors can also record the moving X-ray images on film or video.
The high-impact collisions involved in X-ray production generate a lot of heat. A motor rotates the anode to keep it from melting (the electron beam isn't always focused on the same area). A cool oil bath surrounding the envelope also absorbs heat.
The entire mechanism is surrounded by a thick lead shield. This keeps the X-rays from escaping in all directions. A small window in the shield lets some of the X-ray photons escape in a narrow beam. The beam passes through a series of filters on its way to the patient.
A camera on the other side of the patient records the pattern of X-ray light that passes all the way through the patient's body. The X-ray camera uses the same film technology as an ordinary camera, but X-ray light sets off the chemical reaction instead of visible light. (See How Photographic Film Works to learn about this process.)
Generally, doctors keep the film image as a negative. That is, the areas that are exposed to more light appear darker and the areas that are exposed to less light appear lighter. Hard material, such as bone, appears white, and softer material appears black or gray. Doctors can bring different materials into focus by varying the intensity of the X-ray beam.
For the camera,these are the super scientific facts about it
DeleteThere are many different ways of bringing everything together. In this article, we'll look at a manual single-lens-reflex (SLR) camera. This is a camera where the photographer sees exactly the same image that is exposed to the film and can adjust everything by turning dials and clicking buttons. Since it doesn't need any electricity to take a picture, a manual SLR camera provides an excellent illustration of the fundamental processes of photography.
The optical component of the camera is the lens. At its simplest, a lens is just a curved piece of glass or plastic. Its job is to take the beams of light bouncing off of an object and redirect them so they come together to form a real image -- an image that looks just like the scene in front of the lens.
But how can a piece of glass do this? The process is actually very simple. As light travels from one medium to another, it changes speed. Light travels more quickly through air than it does through glass, so a lens slows it down.
When light waves enter a piece of glass at an angle, one part of the wave will reach the glass before another and so will start slowing down first. This is something like pushing a shopping cart from pavement to grass, at an angle. The right wheel hits the grass first and so slows down while the left wheel is still on the pavement. Because the left wheel is briefly moving more quickly than the right wheel, the shopping cart turns to the right as it moves onto the grass.
The effect on light is the same -- as it enters the glass at an angle, it bends in one direction. It bends again when it exits the glass because parts of the light wave enter the air and speed up before other parts of the wave. In a standard converging, or convex lens, one or both sides of the glass curves out. This means rays of light passing through will bend toward the center of the lens on entry. In a double convex lens, such as a magnifying glass, the light will bend when it exits as well as when it enters.
This effectively reverses the path of light from an object. A light source -- say a candle -- emits light in all directions. The rays of light all start at the same point -- the candle's flame -- and then are constantly diverging. A converging lens takes those rays and redirects them so they are all converging back to one point. At the point where the rays converge, you get a real image of the candle.
Focus-HOW?????
DeleteWe've seen that a real image is formed by light moving through a convex lens. The nature of this real image varies depending on how the light travels through the lens. This light path depends on two major factors:
The angle of the light beam's entry into the lens
The structure of the lens
The angle of light entry changes when you move the object closer or farther away from the lens. You can see this in the diagram below. The light beams from the pencil point enter the lens at a sharper angle when the pencil is closer to the lens and a more obtuse angle when the pencil is farther away. But overall, the lens only bends the light beam to a certain total degree, no matter how it enters. Consequently, light beams that enter at a sharper angle will exit at a more obtuse angle, and vice versa. The total "bending angle" at any particular point on the lens remains constant.
As you can see, light beams from a closer point converge farther away from the lens than light beams from a point that's farther away. In other words, the real image of a closer object forms farther away from the lens than the real image from a more distant object.
You can observe this phenomenon with a simple experiment. Light a candle in the dark, and hold a magnifying glass between it and the wall. You will see an upside down image of the candle on the wall. If the real image of the candle does not fall directly on the wall, it will appear somewhat blurry. The light beams from a particular point don't quite converge at this point. To focus the image, move the magnifying glass closer or farther away from the candle.
This is what you're doing when you turn the lens of a camera to focus it -- you're moving it closer or farther away from the film surface. As you move the lens, you can line up the focused real image of an object so it falls directly on the film surface.
You now know that at any one point, a lens bends light beams to a certain total degree, no matter the light beam's angle of entry. This total "bending angle" is determined by the structure of the lens.
Finally,the lens
DeleteIn the last section, we saw that at any one point, a lens bends light beams to a certain total degree, no matter the light beam's angle of entry. This total "bending angle" is determined by the structure of the lens.
A lens with a rounder shape (a center that extends out farther) will have a more acute bending angle. Basically, curving the lens out increases the distance between different points on the lens. This increases the amount of time that one part of the light wave is moving faster than another part, so the light makes a sharper turn.
Increasing the bending angle has an obvious effect. Light beams from a particular point will converge at a point closer to the lens. In a lens with a flatter shape, light beams will not turn as sharply. Consequently, the light beams will converge farther away from the lens. To put it another way, the focused real image forms farther away from the lens when the lens has a flatter surface.
Increasing the distance between the lens and the real image actually increases the total size of the real image. If you think about it, this makes perfect sense. Think of a projector: As you move the projector farther away from the screen, the image becomes larger. To put it simply, the light beams keep spreading apart as they travel toward the screen.
The same basic thing happens in a camera. As the distance between the lens and the real image increases, the light beams spread out more, forming a larger real image. But the size of the film stays constant. When you attach a very flat lens, it projects a large real image but the film is only exposed to the middle part of it. Basically, the lens zeroes in on the middle of the frame, magnifying a small section of the scene in front of you. A rounder lens produces a smaller real image, so the film surface sees a much wider area of the scene (at reduced magnification).
Professional cameras let you attach different lenses so you can see the scene at various magnifications. The magnification power of a lens is described by its focal length. In cameras, the focal length is defined as the distance between the lens and the real image of an object in the far distance (the moon for example). A higher focal length number indicates a greater image magnification.
Different lenses are suited to different situations. If you're taking a picture of a mountain range, you might want to use a telephoto lens, a lens with an especially long focal length. This lens lets you zero in on specific elements in the distance, so you can create tighter compositions. If you're taking a close-up portrait, you might use a wide-angle lens. This lens has a much shorter focal length, so it shrinks the scene in front of you. The entire face is exposed to the film even if the subject is only a foot away from the camera. A standard 50 mm camera lens doesn't significantly magnify or shrink the image, making it ideal for shooting objects that aren't especially close or far away.
LENSES IN THE LENS
A camera lens is actually several lenses combined into one unit. A single converging lens could form a real image on the film, but it would be warped by a number of aberrations.
One of the most significant warping factors is that different colors of light bend differently when moving through a lens. This chromatic aberration essentially produces an image where the colors are not lined up correctly.
Cameras compensate for this using several lenses made of different materials. The lenses each handle colors differently, and when you combine them in a certain way, the colors are realigned.
In a zoom lens, you can move different lens elements back and forth. By changing the distance between particular lenses, you can adjust the magnification power -- the focal length -- of the lens as a whole.
All adapted from Howstuffworks.com
2.
ReplyDeletePeople like to be creative. This is the way that you can look at life in a different perspective. Art and photography let you see things in a whole different way and you can make these pictures your own(adapted from https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100416134149AAYhWLA)
3.
ReplyDeleteYou can learn photography through lessons at the library or ask someone who is willing to guide you through photography.
4.
ReplyDeleteNicéphore Niépce(From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_photography)
5.
ReplyDeleteSome make very little money, others spend more money than they make, while still others make decent livings, some of whom even make upwards of $100,000 a year. However, according to statistics the average photographer makes between $14,000 and $54,748 with the median falling somewhere in between those two numbers. (from http://www.starephotography.com/articles/photographermoney/)
6.
ReplyDeletewe can edit it in an app in your computer or your phone with something called Photoshop or you can find others on your phone like Photo Editor
7.
ReplyDeleteSteven Sasson( fromhttps://www.google.com.sg/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=LhnkVP2PB5SHvASe-YDYCQ&gws_rd=ssl#q=wo+invented+the+camera)
9.
ReplyDeleteThomas Knoll and John Knoll.(From https://www.google.com.sg/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=LhnkVP2PB5SHvASe-YDYCQ&gws_rd=ssl#q=who+invented+photoshop)
11.
ReplyDelete38 types. these are:
Autofocus camera
Box camera
Bridge camera
Camcorder
Camera phone
Closed-circuit television camera
Compact camera
Digital camera
Disposable camera
Field camera
Folding camera
Hidden camera
Instant camera
IP camera
Live-preview digital camera
Medium format camera
Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
Monorail camera
Movie camera
Pinhole camera
Plate camera
Pocket camera
Press camera
Professional video camera
Rangefinder camera
Remote camera
Schmidt camera
Single-lens reflex camera
Stereo camera
Still camera
Subminiature camera
Toy camera
Traffic camera
Twin-lens reflex camera
Video camera
View camera
Webcam
Wright camera
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_camera_types
The difference between a camera and an x-ray machine is that a camera can only capture the exterior of an object, and not its interior, whereas x-ray machines are used by doctors to look inside a patient's body, for example the bones(the skeletal system), without the use of invasive methods.
ReplyDeleteAnswer to Q3: There are courses for photography available overseas like Britain or America. There are many types of courses for photography. For example, Britain is holding a course on how to take the perfect self-potrait aka selfie. You can find more information in your previous edition of Little Red Dot.
ReplyDeleteInfo from Google and Little Red Dot.
Answer to Q3: There are courses for photography available overseas like Britain or America. There are many types of courses for photography. For example, Britain is holding a course on how to take the perfect self-potrait aka selfie. You can find more information in your previous edition of Little Red Dot.
ReplyDeleteInfo from Google and Little Red Dot.
you cannot wash your pictures but you can clean your pictures.
ReplyDeleteyou can clean your pictures by wetting a towel or using a wet tissue to gently clean it . If you are using a wet towel , the towel cannot be very wet or else the picture will be ruin.
ReplyDeleteWhat the wash means is to print out the machine let me rephrase the question: How does the machine in the photo shop wash out the photo (print out the picture).
ReplyDeleteBut I can't find the answer.
DeleteAre you sure? My answer must be wrong then... -.-;
Delete